Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die für eine diagnostische oder therapeutische Mydriasis empfohlene Phenylephrinkonzentration
wird kontrovers diskutiert [1 ]
[2 ]
[3 ]. Der ausgeprägteren Mydriasis bei höheren Konzentrationen stehen potenzielle Nebenwirkungen
bei systemischer Resorbtion wie Hypertonie oder Arrhythmie entgegen. Eine optimale
Pupillendilatation ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für den komplikationslosen Verlauf
und den Erfolg der Kataraktoperation. Ziel dieser Studie war die Einschätzung der
Nutzen-Risiko-Relation von Phenylephrin 10 % im Vergleich zu 5 % in der täglichen
Praxis der Vorderabschnittschirurgie unserer Klinik mit Hilfe biochemischer Stressparameter
und klinischer Beobachtung.Patienten und Methoden Wir randomisierten zwei Gruppen von jeweils 15 Patienten. Nach einmaliger Applikation
von 2 Tropfen Phenylephrin 5 % (Gruppe 1) bzw. 10 % (Gruppe 2) sowie 2 Tropfen Cyclopentolat
bei neutraler Pupille (Zeitpunkt 0) wurde ein EKG abgeleitet, Blutdruck, Puls, O2 -Sättigung des Blutes und die Pupillenweite gemessen. Im abzentrifugierten Serum des
zeitgleich abgenommenen Blutes wurden die Katecholamine Adrenalin und Noradrenalin
mittels HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) bestimmt. Diese Messungen wurden
nach 5, 10 und 30 Minuten wiederholt.Ergebnisse Die mittlere Pupillenfläche nach 30 min in der Gruppe 1 betrug 31,97 (± 0,43) mm2 gegenüber 45,72 (± 0,39) mm2 in Gruppe 2. Andere signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen ließen sich nicht
nachweisen: weder in der klinischen Überwachung, noch in der Katecholaminmessung zeigten
sich konzentrationsabhängige Muster der Blutdruckentwicklung oder der Serumwerte.
Systemische kardiovaskuläre Wirkungen wurden nicht beobachtet.Schlussfolgerung Bei kontrollierter Anwendung von Phenylephrin 10 % besteht - unter Beachtung der
allgemeinen Kontraindikationen - kein erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten kardiovaskulärer
Nebenwirkungen im Vergleich zu Phenylephrin 5 %. Daher empfehlen wir den Einsatz von
Phenylephrin 10 % in der angegebenen Dosierung als Routinemedikament in der Kataraktchirurgie.
Background There is a controversy about the concentration of topical phenylephrine recommended
for diagnostic or therapeutic mydriasis. Phenylephrine 10 % leads to a faster and
more pronounced mydriasis but cardio-vascular side-effects like hypertension and arrhythmia
have been reported. A maximal pupillary dilatation is a prerequisite for successful
cataract surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk-benefit ratio of
phenylephrine 10 % in comparison to 5 % in the daily practice of the cataract-surgery
unit in our clinic by clinical assessment and monitoring of biochemical stress parameters.Patients and methods 30 informed and consenting patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups of equal
size. After a single application of 2 drops of phenylephrine 5 % in group 1 and 10
% in group 2 respectively and 1 drops of cyclopentolate 1 % with neutral pupil (time
0), an ECG was recorded and blood pressure, pulse, oxygen-saturation and pupil size
were measured. Simultaneously a blood-sample was taken and the serum-catecholamines
adrenaline and noradrenaline were determined by HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography).
These measurements were repeated after 5, 10 and 30 minutes.Results The mean pupil area after 30 minutes in group 1 was 31.97 (± 0.43) mm2 compared to 45.72 (± 0.39) mm2 in group 2. Our data showed no other significant variation between the groups: neither
clinical monitoring nor catecholamine measurements showed concentration-dependent
patterns in blood pressure development or serum levels. No systemic cardiovascular
effects were observed.Conclusion These results demonstrate that a controlled application of phenylephrine 10 % - under
observation of contraindications - yields no increased risk for the occurrence of
cardiovascular side-effects in comparison with phenylephrine 5 %. Therefore, we recommend
the use of phenylephrine 10 % in the described dosage as routine medication for cataract
surgery.
Schlüsselwörter
Katarakt - Kataraktoperation - Phakoemulsifikation - klinische Studie - Phenylephrin
- Dosierung - unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen - Stressmonitoring - biochemisch - Hypertension
- kardiovaskuläre Nebenwirkungen - high pressure liquid chromatography - Mydriasis
- medikamenteninduziert - Mydriatika - Dosierung - Pharmakologie
Key words
blood pressure - drug effects - cataract extraction - clinical study - epinephrine
- adverse effects - high pressure liquid chromatography - mydriasis - chemically induced
- mydriatics - administration - dosage - pharmacology - phenylephrine - administration
- dosage - pharmacology - stress monitoring - biochemical
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